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France: An Ode
''France an Ode'' was written by Samuel Coleridge in April 1798. The poem describes his development from supporting the French Revolution to his feelings of betrayal when they invaded Switzerland. Like other poems by Coleridge, it connects his political views with his religious thoughts. The Gothic elements of the poem connect the poem's style to many of his early poetic works.
==Background==
Coleridge was an early supporter of the French Revolution and an opponent of the British Prime Minister William Pitt. However, France's invasion of Switzerland caused him to lose faith in the revolutionaries' cause during April 1798. Although Coleridge opposed Pitt, he supported Britain and the British cause when France threatened to invade Britain by writing a poem originally titled ''The Recantation: An Ode'', which was later renamed ''France: An Ode''. The poem was published in the 16 April 1798 ''Morning Post'' (see 1798 in poetry). Alongside the poem was a note from Daniel Stuart, the paper's editor, which stated that, like Coleridge, the paper also switched its position on France:〔Ashton 1997 p. 133〕 "The following excellent Ode will be in unison with the feelings of every friend to Liberty and foe to Oppression; of all who, admiring the French Revolution, detest and deplore the conduct of France towards Switzerland."〔Ashton 1997 qtd. p. 133〕
Soon after, the poem was published in a small work containing his other poems ''Frost at Midnight'' and ''Fears in Solitude'' under the title ''France: An Ode'' to sound more neutral.〔Mays 2001 pp. 453, 463〕 The poems were published in order with ''Fears in Solitude'' first and ''Frost at Midnight'' last to position the public poem, ''France: An Ode'', in between two conversation poems.〔Holmes 1989 p. 201〕 It was eventually reprinted by Stuart in October 1802 along with an edited version of ''Fears in Solitude''.〔Ashton 1997 p. 209〕 Of his poems, Coleridge did not like ''France: An Ode'' for what it revealed about him politically. Robert Southey, Coleridge's friend, mentioned in a letter in May 1799: "Coleridge's 'Ode upon France' is printed in the Spirit of the Public Journals under the title of 'the Recantation.' How will he like this, and how will they like it who do not allow it to be a recantation?"〔Mays 2001 qtd p. 463〕
In a 1799 review in the ''New London Review'', an anonymous reviewer claimed that Coleridge plagiarised lines from ''Samson Agonistes'' when he referenced John Milton's poem in lines 53 and 54 of the poem. Later, Thomas DeQuincey made this same argument in an 1834 review for ''Taits Edinburgh Magazine''. William Wordsworth noted that the allusion to ''Samson Agonistes'' was intentional, but it is possible that "insupportably advancing" was changed to "irresistibly advancing" in a later edition to hide the allusion.〔Mays 2001 p. 466〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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